技术溢出视角下新能源开发的就业效应分析——以中国海洋能为例

Employment Effect Analysis of Marine Energy Exploitation and Technological Spillover

为缓解传统能源资源压力、应对气候变化,我国日益重视新能源的开发与利用。发展新能源产业是否会导致"技术进步型失业"。为探讨二者之间的关系,本文以海洋能为例,从技术溢出的视角出发,通过构建行业间技术距离公式得到海洋能产业对其他行业的技术溢出效应,据此建立面板数据模型,分析海洋能产业研发活动对就业产生的影响。结果显示:海洋能源开发技术经费收入增加对本行业就业具有创造效应;通过直接的知识性与产业关联性机制同时伴有市场性溢出特点,对海洋工程技术研究各行业带来技术溢出效应,由此产生的就业效果显著;通过间接的知识性溢出与产业关联性溢出机制对海洋基础科学研究和信息服务业产生技术溢出效应,该效应对就业具有正向促进作用,但影响效果较弱。为进一步增强海洋能产业研发活动对就业的积极影响,为沿海地区带来"资源福利",提出相关建议。

To relieve the crisis in traditional energy resources and respond to climate change, China is focusing on the development and utilization of new energy sources. However, these emerging industries require capital and technology. Using marine energy as an example, this paper pays close attention to the relationship between energy development and unemployment and technological spillover. We found that development of marine energy produces technological spillover to relevant industries, and increasing the technological expense of marine energy exploitation leads to employment creation effects. Developing marine energy produces technological spillover to the marine engineering technology research sector via intellectual and industry relevance spillover, and the basic scientific research and information service industry via indirect intellectual and industry relevance spillover. In order to increase these positive impacts on employment and benefit coastal areas we make several policy suggestions. Overall, the government should increase investment in research and development in marine energy to enhance the effect of employment creation.