学习者“错误”的认知与思维形态研究

An investigation into cognition and thought configuration of learner "errors"

在分析外语学习者"错误"时,迁移理论主要概括和推论语际异同及其影响,而从语言哲学视角的探究却可以得到更本质的理解。通过对一所高校英语专业专科学生的测试和访谈,本研究对错误进行动态发展的剖析验证。研究发现,错误的构成随着学生认知方式、心理距离等方面的发展而发生变化:随着英语水平提高,他们在GM组(混合语法结构)和GD组(不同语法结构)题目中的出错率逐渐减少,但是在GS组(基本相似语法结构)没有呈现这样的趋势。研究进而对英语学习进行了认知与思维形态分析,指出英语中的时态和语气是英语思维中"时间路径"和"认识距离"的体现。

In analyzing language ＂errors＂, the transfer theory mainly focuses on the inter-language differences and influences; whilst from the viewpoint of the philosophy of language, more profound understanding could be traced. With the quantitative data and qualitative data, this study shows that errors vary as learners＇ cognition mode and perceived language distance develop ： fewer errors occur in GM （ a group of exercises containing a mixture of similarity and difference between Chinese and English） and GD （ a group of exercises based on difference between Chinese and English） for learners of higher English proficiency level ; nevertheless, no similar trend is found in GS （ a group of exercises based on similarity between Chinese and English）. Furthermore, the study conducts an analysis of English learning based on the notion of ＂cognition＂ and ＂thought configuration＂, and points out that tense and mood in the English language reflect the English thought of ＂time path＂ and ＂epistemic distance＂.