氮肥对玉米子粒淀粉粒形态及分布的影响

Effects of Application Nitrogen on Maize(Zea mays L.) Grain Starch Morphogenesis and Size Distribution

以郑单958为材料,分析不施氮(N0)、施纯氮103.5 kg/hm2(N1)、207 kg/hm2(N2)、310.5 kg/hm2(N3)对玉米子粒淀粉粒形态及分布特征的影响。结果表明,不同处理玉米子粒淀粉粒直径分布均为三峰曲线。>2μm淀粉粒的直径百分比最大(96%～97%),淀粉粒直径均值为N2>N3>N0>N1处理。各处理淀粉粒直径下限均值为0.375μm;淀粉粒直径上限均值为N2>N0>N3>N1处理。由透射电镜扫描图得知,第一层细胞质体大小及淀粉粒数量说明其细胞发育进程N0<N1<N2<N3;第二层细胞各处理均出现含淀粉粒质体,已不见蛋白体等质体,淀粉粒发育进程N0>N1>N2>N3;第三层细胞均为长条形,各处理含皱褶淀粉粒均已出现,淀粉粒发育进程N1>N0>N2>N3;深层细胞淀粉粒均有褶皱,说明其发育早于第三层细胞。淀粉粒发育由内而外,氮肥可以调节胚乳淀粉粒分布及淀粉粒发育速度。

Zhengdan958 was used to study the starch granule size distribution and transmission electron mi- croscopy showing the starch granule arrangement in grains of different endosperm application nitrogen by laser diffraction grain size analyzer, transmission electron and scanning electron. The result showed that distribution of starch granules volume of grain in the different was triple humped curve. The proportion of volume of diameter higher than 15 μm was the most（96% - 97%）. The average diameter of volume showed the following regulations： N2〉N3〉N0〉N 1. Lower limit of starch granules diameter was 0.375 μm; upper limit of starch granules diameter showed the following regulations： N2〉N0〉N3〉N 1. The size of plastid and the number of starch granules illuminated development of the first layer endosperm cell by transmission electron microscopy： N0〈N1〈N2〈N3. And development of the first layer en- dosperm cell in N1, N2 and N3 was better than NO. There were starch granules in plastids in the second layer en- dosperm cell and none of other plastid such as protein body, which illuminated that development of the second layer endosperm cell was earlier than the first cell. Development of the second layer endosperm cell： N0〉NI〉N2〉N3. Drape starch granules were detected in the third layer endosperm cell of different treatment, which illuminated development of the third layer endosperm cell was earlier than the second cell. The drape starch granules showing development of the third layer endosperm cell： N 1〉N0〉N2〉N3. Drape starch granules were detected in the deep layer endosperm cell of different treatment, which illuminated development of the deep layer endosperm cell was earlier than the third cell. In brief, the starch was accumulated from the inside to outside of the maize endosperm. And starch granule develop- ment and the starch granule size distribution in maize could be regulated by application nitrogen.