小RNA的组成和功能——三类内源小RNA的研究概况

The Composition and Function of Small RNA—Research Overview of Three Types of Endogenous Small RNA

生物体中存在许多非编码的小RNA,可通过与靶mRNA完全或不完全的碱基互补配对,致使mRNA断裂或翻译抑制,从而达到调节基因表达的目的。这些小RNA组成了细胞中高度复杂的RNA调控网络,在生物的各项生理活动、生长发育过程中发挥着十分重要的作用。内源小RNA主要包括miRNA、siRNA和piRNA三类,概述这3种小RNA的生物发生,作用机制及功能等方面的研究进展。

There are many small non-coding RNA in the organisms. They through complete or incomplete complementary base pairing with target mRNA, leading to mRNA breakage or translational repression, so as to achieve the purpose of the regulation of gene expression. These small RNA composed the highly complex RNA regulatory networks in cells, and play an important role in the physiological activity of the biological process of growth and development. Endogenous small RNA including miRNA, siRNA, and piRNA three categories, the article outlines three small RNA biogenesis, mechanism, and function research progress.