乙型脑炎及其疫苗概况

Japanese Encephalitis and Its Vaccines

乙型脑炎是由乙型脑炎病毒引起的,在自然界中主要以鸟、猪为宿主,经蚊为主的虫媒传播的一种人兽共患传染病。该病主要流行于亚洲地区及环西太平洋地区,已成为人类脑炎疾病最主要的病因之一,严重威胁着人类健康,并影响畜牧业特别是养猪业的发展。WHO公布数据显示,每年大约有50 000例乙型脑炎患者,造成至少10 000例死亡及15 000例神精后遗症患者,但至今仍无有效的治疗措施,接种疫苗依然是预防JEV感染的最佳途径。介绍JE的流行病学特点,乙型脑炎的发病情况,重点综述国内外市场上使用的JE疫苗情况及其最新研究进程,希望对我国JE疫苗的使用及研发提供有益参考。

Japanese encephalitis, an insect-borne zoonotic infectious disease, is caused by Japanese encephalitis virus （ JEV ） and the most important hosts of which in nature is birds and pigs. This disease occurs mainly in Asia and Central-West Pacific regions, and has become one of the most serious encephalitis diseases which threats to human health and affects the development of animal husbandry particular in pig fanning industry. Published date from WHO showed that an estimated 50 000 cases occur in this region, resulting in at least 10 000 deaths and 15 000 cases of neuropsychiatric sequelae. However, there is no effective antiviral therapeutic is available to treat JE, and vaccination is the most effective method to prevent JEV infection. This paper introduces the epidemiological characteristics and enphalitis disease, focuses on review of JE vaccines in the market and the latest research process. The present paper would provide useful reference for use and development of JE vaccines in China.