库恩《科学革命的结构》的哲学遗产

Philosophical Legacy of Thomas Kuhn’s Structure

库恩的《科学革命的结构》在哲学上的遗产有三个:一是与逻辑经验主义对科学的形式和静态方面的强调针锋相对,库恩强调科学的具体的和动态的方面,这在他关于常规科学的论述上得到了集中的体现;二是由于库恩的范式概念的多义以及库恩本人对自己论述的哲学后果的意识不够明确,导致库恩的思想容易被引向概念相对主义;三是库恩试图想做但又没有充分展开并且经常被他的读者忽视的一种关于科学发展的进化论的思路。

The philosophical legacy of Thomas Kuhn’s The Structure of Scientific Revolutions is threefold: an emphasis on science as a concrete activity and process, and as an essentially community-driven enterprise, in opposition to logical empiricist’s emphasis on the formal , abstract, and static aspects of scientific theorizing; the conceptual relativism about science with two essential components: science as an essentially social process, and science as a cognitive enterprise under the idea of paradigm (understood as a conceptual framework); a rudimentary, and mostly ignored, attempt to provide an evolutionary account of scientific progress without the need of the concept of truth.