护理实习生HIV／AIDS职业防护知识认知水平与职业防护意识的相关性

Correlation between nursing students＇ knowledge level of HIV/AIDS occupational protection and awareness of AIDS occupational protection condition

目的了解护理实习生对HIV／AIDS职业防护知识的认知水平，探讨其与职业防护意识的相关性，并对职业防护策略提出有效建议，以提高护理实习生职业防护意识。方法2011年6—12月对广西省多所不同等级医院的186名护理实习生进行分层随机抽样自设问卷调查其HIV／AIDS职业防护知识认知水平、自我防护态度、职业暴露情况以及职业防护意识等。结果护理实习生对HIV／AIDS的病因、传播途径回答正确率高，分别为95．7％，87．1％；但对HIV／AIDS职业防护认知水平较差。在护理实习生中24．2％对于HIV／AIDS自我防护不够重视。护理实习生中部分存在职业暴露史，总次数为68次。暴露方式主要为针刺切割伤（51．4％）以及完整皮肤接触（26．5％）。暴露部位以手部居多，占85．3％。手术室发生几率最高，其次为ICU。在医疗垃圾分类上，护理实习生的防护意识存在许多问题。护理实习生HIV／AIDS职业防护知识认知水平与职业防护意识有一定相关性（r值分别为-0．277，-0．209，-0．156，-0．220；P〈0．05）。结论加强护理实习生实习前宣教，开展职业防护教育，严格规范其操作规程，能够减少职业暴露的发生。

Objective To explore the correlation between the knowledge of HIV/AIDS occupational protection and the awareness of HIV/AIDS occupational protection conditions, so as to provide effective advice for enhancing the nursing students＇ occupational protection awareness. Methods From June to December 2011, investigated 186 nursing students of different hospitals in Guangxin province with questionnaire including their knowledge of HIV/AIDS, self-protection attitude, occupational protection condition and so on. Results Nursing students had the basic knowledge of pathogenesis and transmission route of HIV/AIDS with the rate of 95.7%, 87. 1%, respectively, while they had a poor awareness level of HIV/AIDS occupational protection. 24.2% of nursing students were lack of the awareness of self protection. The main exposed way of nursing students was Acupuncture cutting injury （51.4%） and skin touch （26.5%）. The main exposed parts was hand part （85. 3% ）, and the main departments were operation room and ICU. In medical garbage classification, the protection and awareness of nursing students had many problems. The knowledge of HIV/AIDS occupational protection of nursing students was low and the awareness of HIV/AIDS occupational protection needed to be improved. The knowledge of HIV/AIDS occupational protection and the awareness of HIV/AIDS occupational protection conditions had a certain correlation （ r = - 0. 277, - 0. 209, - 0. 156, - 0. 220, respectively;P 〈 0.05）. Conclusions Strengthening the nursing students＇ education of occupational protection before internship and strictly regulate their operating procedures in order to reduce the incidence of occupational exposure.