不同溶剂提取花椒抑菌活性物质的初步研究

Preliminary Study on Antifungal Activity of Zanthoxylum bungeanum Msxim Extracts by Different Solvents

以花椒4种不同溶剂的提取物为供试药剂,采用生长速率法测定其对水稻纹枯病菌(Rhi-zoctonia solani)、番茄早疫病菌(Alternaria solani)、大葱紫斑病菌(Alternaria porri)和棉花枯萎病菌(Fusarium oxysporumf.sp.vasinfectum)的抑制作用,以期探索提取花椒抑菌活性物质的最佳溶剂。结果表明,花椒4种不同溶剂的提取物对4种植物病原菌菌丝生长都有一定的抑制作用,其中二甲苯提取物的抑菌活性相对较强,当用量为0.5mL时,其对水稻纹枯病菌、番茄早疫病菌、棉花枯萎病菌和大葱紫斑病菌的抑菌率分别为80.0%、78.7%、73.3%和23.2%;花椒乙醇和丙酮提取物的抑菌活性次之;甲醇提取物的抑菌活性相对较弱,当用量为0.5mL时,其对水稻纹枯病菌、番茄早疫病菌、大葱紫斑病菌和棉花枯萎病菌的抑菌率分别为56.1%、33.0%、23.4%和24.9%。因此,提取花椒抑菌活性物质的最佳溶剂是二甲苯。

The fungistasis of Zanthoxylum bungeanum Msxim extracts by four different solvents was tested with Rhizoctonia solani,Alternaria solani,Alternaria porri and Fusarium oxysporum f.sp.vasinfectum,to explore the optimal extraction solvent.Results showed that Z.bungeanum Msxim extracts by four solvents all had bioactive substances to restrain hypha growth,but different solvent extracts displayed different antifungal activity to pathogens.The xylene extracts had the strongest fungistasis with the antifungal rates of 80.0%,78.7%,23.2% and 73.3% against the four pathogens using 0.5 mL.The fungistasis of the xylene extracts was followed by ethanol and acetone extracts.The methanol extracts relatively had the weakest fungistasis,of which the antifungal rates using 0.5 mL to the four kinds of pathogens were 56.1%,33.0%,23.4% and 24.9%,respectively.Therefore,the best solvent to extract fungistasis substances from Z.bungeanum Msxim was xylene.