不同施肥措施对沿淮区麦-玉周年产量及氮素利用的影响

Effects of Different Fertilization Treatments on Yields and Nitrogen Utilization of Winter Wheat-Summer Maize Rotation System in Region Along Huai River

沿淮砂姜黑土区,设置5种施肥措施(常规施肥、推荐施肥、推荐施肥+秸秆粉碎全量还田,推荐施肥+控失肥,推荐施肥+粉煤灰),探讨其对麦-玉轮作周年产量及氮素吸收与利用的影响。结果表明,麦-玉轮作周年产量以推荐施肥+秸秆粉碎全量还田处理最高(12921kg/hm2),推荐施肥+粉煤灰处理次之(12365kg/hm2),较常规施肥处理分别增产12.5%、7.7%。冬小麦季:籽粒产量、氮素累积量(NAA)、氮肥利用率(NUE)、氮素吸收效率(NUPE)均以推荐施肥+粉煤灰处理较高,分别为6134 kg/hm2、180.0 kg/hm2、42.1%、0.80 kg/kg;夏玉米季:籽粒产量、NAA、NUE、NUPE则以推荐施肥+秸秆粉碎全量还田处理较高,分别为6971 kg/hm2、176.5 kg/hm2、38.3%、0.65 kg/kg。本试验条件下,推荐施肥+粉煤灰处理对提高沿淮砂姜黑土区麦-玉轮作周年产量、麦-玉氮肥利用率及氮素吸收效率较好,而长期而言,推荐施肥+秸秆粉碎全量还田处理更适。

Field experiments were conducted to study the influence of different fertilization treatments on winter wheat-summer maize rotation system anniversary yields and nitrogen utilization along Huai River areas in 2009.10-2010.10.The selected treatments were conventional fertilization condition（CG）,the recommend fertilization condition（TJ）,straw plus the recommend fertilization condition（JTJ）,the control fertilization plus the recommend fertilization condition（KTJ）,coal fly ash plus the recommend fertilization condition（FTJ）.The results showed that the winter wheat-summer maize rotation system anniversary yields were the highest under JTJ treatment,followed by FTJ treatment.Compared with CG treatment,the anniversary yields of the JTJ and FTJ treatments were increased by 12.5% and 7.7% respectively.N accumulation amount（NAA）,N use efficiency（NUE） and N uptake efficiency（NUPE） were the highest under FTJ treatment in winter wheat,which were 180.0 kg/hm2,42.1% and 0.80 kg/kg;NAA,NUE,NUPE were the highest under JTJ treatment in summer maize,which were 176.5 kg/hm2,38.3% and 0.65 kg/kg.Under the experimental conditions,FTJ and JTJ treatments were favorable to the winter wheat-summer maize rotation system anniversary yields and nitrogen utilization in Huai River areas,but JTJ treatment was more favorable in the long run.