《逍遥游》与庄子的人生观

Carefree Excursion and Zhuang Zi's Life Outlook

《逍遥游》的结构并不是什么有待——无己——无待,也并非意义不连贯。历来庄学家注重探微,都没有说对,把《逍遥游》倒过来读,问题就很清楚。一篇《逍遥游》,从头到尾,就是个"大小之辩"。庄子以大鹏自喻,以九万里云风比喻其境界之高远宏大,为"大"而辩护,从而开启了一场"大小之辩"。"大小之辩"是《逍遥游》全篇的线索、主题和宗旨,其核心思想就是知有大小。庄子所推崇的大知,就是"至人无己,神人无功,圣人无名",最高境界是无己的境界。庄子所说的"知"的不同,就是人生境界的不同。庄子所谓有所待或无所待,不是指存在论意义上的条件,而是指人生论意义上的系著与留恋。

The structure of Carefree Excursion is not inconsistent. The scholars of Zhuangzi studies who pay attention to details are not right. While the article of Carefree Excursion is read inversely, it is very clear. The article is about the argument of big and small. Zhuang Zi compares himself to a big bird, compares ninety - thousand - Li cloud and wind to his high aspiration, and argues for big which opens this argument. This argument is the key and gist of the passage whose main idea is that human being have adequate and in- adequate knowledge. The acme of his adequate knowledge is the state of selflessness. And the difference of knowledge is the difference of life state. The concept of waiting or not refers to people＇s yearning for life rather than existing condition.