增产与减产:农业合作化与1950年代的山东耕作制度

Bumping and Reduction of Production: The Relationship between Collectivization of 1950s and Transition of Farming System in Shandong

为增加粮食产量,支撑国家的工业化建设,1949年后中央政府开始通过互助合作的方式组织农民进行合作生产,从1955年开始,中央政府开始广泛组织农民建立合作社,以便解决其粮食增产措施与分散农民之间的矛盾。完成合作化后,山东省委、省政府着手进行农业耕作制度的调整,希望以此增加粮食产量,但是技术变革措施的实施,非但没有增加粮食产量,还造成了粮食的减产,同时也打破了原有的生态格局。1961年后,随着中央政府出台系列恢复措施,这种局面才得以转变。

The central government began to organize farmers to increase grain production through mutual cooperation in order to support national industrialization after 1952, and launch collectivization in order to solve contradiction between measures of grain production and farmers from 1955. When they finished collectivization, Shandong provincial government who hoped to increase grain production started to change farming system. Those measures not only failed to increase grain production, but also resulted in reduction of grain production, and broke ecological balance. That situation changed when the central government took measures after 1961