公法契约的私法解读——刑事和解协议的效力探析

Contract in Public Law by Angle of View of Private Law——Study on Legal Effect of the Agreement of the Criminal Reconciliation

刑事和解协议是刑事和解最集中的体现也是最关键的结果,它记录并反映了刑罚权主体控制、被害人实现有限处分权和加害人刑罚轻缓化诉求三种因素之间的博弈。刑事和解协议从性质上讲,属于公法领域内的刑事契约;从效力上看,具有民事和刑事双向规制的特点。民事赔偿和刑事责任处理是刑事和解协议的主要内容,其中民事赔偿部分可定性为单务合同,刑事责任处理部分可理解为效力待定的双务合同,这一公法契约的效力可以运用私法契约的分析模式来解读。

Agreement of the criminal reconciliation is an important result and main expression of the criminal reconciliation.It reflects the interaction of the public authority organ’s penalty control,the victim’s limited disposition and the perpetrator’s eager of penalty reducing.In nature,the agreement is a contract in public law,which has criminal force and civil force.The agreement contains two parts,the one is civil compensation which can be viewed as a single duty contract;the other one is related to criminal duty which is similar to effect pending contract.We can analysis this contract in public law by a private law angle of view.