评估4种寒区陆面、水文过程模式及在青藏高原的应用前景

Application research of four cold regions land surface and hydrological model to Qinghai-tibet plateau frozen soil region

近年来,青藏高原冻土区气候环境呈现出逐年恶化的趋势,主要表现在永久冻土锐减,冻土活动层逐渐增厚,地表植被情况退化严重等,这一地区的气候环境、水环境和生态环境等越来越受到各国研究者的关注和重视。陆面过程模式的作用已得到许多学者的认可,如何构建更有效的针对寒区的陆面过程模式成为寒区研究的重点、热点之一。本文分别选取美国、西欧和加拿大(两个)4个寒区陆面过程模式(依次为SHAW、COUPMODEL、EASS、CRHM),对4个模式的原理和物理机制进行了说明和对比;同时,简要介绍了4个模型在寒区研究过程中已取得的进展,部分模式已经成功应用于青藏高原冻土区并取得了相当好的模拟效果。对比分析4种模式,指出了4种现存模式的优缺点和相应的改进方案,证明4种模式可以在青藏高原冻土区单独使用,并指出几种模式耦合可能成为未来解决青藏高原冻土区甚至全球冻土区陆面过程问题的重要途径。

In recent years,the climatic environment of Qinghai-Tibet plateau frozen soil regions is becoming worse and worse year by year,which mainly consists of obvious permafrost decrease,more thickness of the frost soil active layer and degeneration of the vegetation.Climatic,water and ecological environment of this region is focused by researchers from many countries and districts.The ability of land surface model is approved by lots of scientists and it is emphasis of cold regions research that how to construct cold regions land surface model.This paper choose four land surface model（SHAW、COUPMODEL、EASS、CRHM） from USA,Western Europe and Canada（including two） and analysis principle and physical mechanisms of four models.At the same time,brief introduction of application in cold regions of four models,some models have been used to the Qinghai-Tibet plateau frozen soil regions and made quite a good simulation results,is included in this paper.By comparing four models,the paper found individual advantages,disadvantages and thinks that four models can be used on the Qinghai-Tibet plateau frozen soil regions individually and it is a significant approach to solve land surface problems of Qinghai-Tibet plateau,even global frozen soil regions as several models couple each other.