先秦趋向动词的非宾格性探讨

Discussion about the Unaccusativity of Motion Verbs in Pre-Qin Period

先秦趋向动词的句法表现复杂,其差异主要表现在两个方面:一是是否必须带处所宾语;二是是否有使动交替形式。根据这两方面的表现以及非宾格动词的判断式,趋向动词中的一部分可归为非宾格动词,一部分归入及物动词或非作格动词,少数动词还可以两属。先秦趋向动词并不是典型的非宾格动词语义类,影响非宾格性的主要因素为客体论元在语义上是接近施事还是接近受事。

The syntactic expressions of motion verbs in Pre-Qin period are very complicated.The differences are demonstrated mainly in two aspects,one is whether the verb must take locative object,and the other is whether it has causative and alternative forms.According to these two performances and the judging forms of unaccusative verb,some of motion verbs can be classified into unaccusative verbs,some can be seen as transitive verbs or unergative verbs,and a few of motion verbs can be used as both.Therefore,the motion verbs in the Pre-Qin period are not typical semantic class of unaccusative verbs.The main factor which affects unaccusativity of such verbs is whether the object arguments are semantically closer to agent or to patient.