康德和杜威教育思想比较——从哲学到教育或从教育到哲学?

Comparative Study on Education of Immanuel Kant and John Dewey——From Philosophy to Education or from Education to Philosophy?

18世纪末,从哲学视角出发,康德以深刻的哲学思辨为"教育学"这门学科赢得了三尺讲坛。高瞻哲学俯瞰教育,康德不仅仅成了一位举世瞩目的哲学家,也成了一位影响深远的教育思想家。20世纪初,扎根教育面朝哲学,杜威成为进步主义教育的奠基人,也成为美国本土哲学——实用主义哲学的创始人。文章试图从教育视角、教育理想、教育起源、教育本质、教育目的、教育阶段以及道德教育等方面来解读康德和杜威的教育思想。深入分析这两种截然不同的理论——从哲学到教育、从教育到哲学,有助于我们全面地理解康德和杜威教育思想,有助于我们透过种种现象看清教育前进的方向,更有助于我们重新审视教育的过去、现在及未来。

At the end of 18th century, from the perspective of philosophy, Kant won the independent field for Pedagogy in campus based on deeply philosophical thinking. At the viewpoint from philosophy to education, Immanuel Kant became an influential thinker of education as well as an excellent philosopher. In the early 20th century, John Dewey launched the Progressive Education and then formed the native philosophy in America, Pragmatism Philosophy, at the viewpoint from education to philosophy. The article analyzes and compares the education of Kant and Dewey from various aspects, such as educational perspective, ideal, origin, essence, aim, process and moral education. The analysis of the two different theories, from philosophy to education and from education to philosophy, is not only helpful to comprehensively understand Kant＇s and Dewey＇s educational thoughts, hut also helpful to find the right way facing all sorts of educational phenomenon. Moreover this can promote us to review the past, present and future of educational development.