先秦《谥法》行用考

A Disquisition on the Implementation of Shi Fa during the Pre-Qin Period

西周初期多美谥,谥号之有善恶自周昭王、鲁炀公始。春秋时期,儒家更加强调谥法的褒贬原则,谥法成为维护封建礼教的工具。战国时期,谥法显扬功绩的作用加大。从先秦主要人物谥号行迹与《谥法》之对照看,除"昭"、"懿"、"夷"三谥字外,其余皆相符,且同谥者,行迹相似,善恶相当。

There were always good posthumous titles in the early Western Zhou Dynasty.However,the earliest bad posthumous titles began with Emperor Zhao of Zhou（zhou zhaowang） and Lu King Yang of Lu（lu yanggong）.During the Spring and Autumn Period,the evaluating function of Shi Fa was emphasized by the Confucian school,and Shi Fa became the tool of retaining feudal ethical code.During the Warring States Period,its role of praising one＇s achievement increased,and the good posthumous titles increased.Except for three posthumous titles,the rest are consistent with Shi Fa when we compare the conducts and posthumous titles of important people with Shi Fa.For those whose posthumous titles are the same,their conducts were similar,and their degree of good and evil was similar too.