不同精、青饲料比例对草鱼生长、形体及肌肉营养成分的影响

Effects of Different Proportion of Pelleted Feed and Duckweed on Growth,Body Shape and Muscle Composition of Grass Carp(Ctenopharyngon idella)

选择CP30的草鱼膨化料(简称精)和浮萍(简称青)作为试验饵料,挑选体重为60.39±1.57 g草鱼鱼种225尾,平均分成5组,每组3个重复,分别投喂精青饲料比例(干物质比例)分别为0:100(G1)、25:75(G2)、50:50(G3)、75:25(G4)、100:0(G5),在池塘网箱里饲养60 d,研究不同比例的精、青饲料对草鱼生长、形体指标及肌肉营养成分的影响。试验结果表明:1、各试验组草鱼的存活率均在97.78%以上,且各组间差异不显著(P>0.05);随着膨化饲料比例的增加,末均重、增重率和特定生长率也随之增加,除G4与G5之间差异不显著(P>0.05),其他各组之间差异显著(P<0.05)。2、肥满度随着膨化料比例的上升而增大,G1的肥满度为最小,但与G3和G4差异不显著(P>0.05);脏体比和肝体比随着膨化料的比例上升而上升;肠体比呈现相反的趋势,随着膨化料比例的上升而下降,G1为最大,且显著高于其他各组(P<0.05)。3、不同比例的精、青饲料比例对草鱼肌肉的营养成分有显著的影响,随着膨化料比例的上升,肌肉水分含量下降,G3、G4和G5显著低于G1和G2(P<0.05);而肌肉粗蛋白、粗脂肪和灰分含量呈现相反的趋势,随着膨化料比例的上升而上升。综上所述,G4试验组的草鱼不但能获得高的生长速度,还能保持良好的形体,且肌肉的营养成分品质较高。因此在本试验条件下,建议池塘养殖草鱼投喂膨化饲料与浮萍的搭配比例(干物质)为75:25。

This experiment was conducted to study the best proportion or pelleted feed and duckweed of grass carp dietary. A total of 225 healthy grass carp with initial body weight 60 39＋_l.57 g were randomly allocated to 5 groups with 3 replications, feeding dietary with proportion of pelleted feed and duckweed being 0： 100（G1）, 25：75（G2）, 50：50（G3）, 75：25（G4） and 100：0（G5） for 60 days. The results showed that： 1. Survival rate of grass carp in 5 groups was high, and every trials＇ survival rate was beyond 97.78%; weight gain and special growth rate increased with the proportion of pelleted feed adding, G4 and G5 had the best weight gain and special growth rate, which was greater obviously than G1, G2 and G3. 2. Relative fatness （RF） increased with the proportion of pelleted feed adding, and RF of G1 was minimum, which was significantly less than G2 and G5, but no significant difference with G2 and Gd; Viscera rate and hepatopancreas rate increased with the pro- portion of pelleted feed adding, but intestine rate had inverse trend, which decreased with the proportion of pelleted feed adding. 3. The nutrition composition of muscle were effected by proportion of pelleted feed and duckweed, moisture content of muscle decreased with the proportion of pelleted feed adding, but content of crude protein, crude fat and ash increased with the proportion of pelleted feed adding. Simultaneously, on this experiment, the best proportion of pelleted feed and duckweed was 75：25（G4）, which could get the better grass carp growth and body shape.