棉杆替代棉籽壳栽培柱状田头菇、秀珍菇

Cultivation of Agrocybe cylindracea and Pleurotus geesterani Using Cotton Stalks

为了降低食用菌生产成本,开发新型栽培原料,以棉杆为材料,设置18个不同的配方,栽培柱状田头菇(Agrocybe cylindracea)和秀珍菇(Pleurotus geesterani)。结果表明:棉杆不仅可以部分替代棉籽壳用来栽培柱状田头菇、秀珍菇;而且适当比例的棉杆培养料可以促进菌丝的生长和子实体产量的增加;柱状田头菇最佳栽培配方为:20%发酵棉杆、40%棉籽壳、19%杂木屑,15%麦麸,4%玉米粉,1%石膏粉,1%白糖,产量较传统配方(A1)增产5.4%;秀珍菇最佳栽培配方为:15%发酵棉杆、45%棉籽壳、17.5%玉米芯,20%麦麸,1.5%石膏粉,1%石灰粉,产量较传统配方(B1)增产25.4%;基质中棉杆含量过高,可能引起子实体中粗蛋白含量下降。

Agrocybe cylindracea and Pleurotus geesterani were cultivated on a series of substrates in which an extant cotton seed hull component was replaced to varying degrees with cotton stalks and/or fermented cotton stalks. In terms of biological efficiency, the optimal substrate composition for cultivating A. cylindracea consisted of 20% fermented cotton stalks, 40% cotton seed hulls, 19% sawdust, 15% wheat bran, 4% corn flour, 1% gypsum and 1% sucrose. Yields on this substrate were up to 5.4% higher compared with controls without fermented cotton stalks. Highest yields of P. geesterani fruit bodies were recorded on a substrate containing 15% composted cotton stalks, 45% cotton seed hulls, 17.5% corn cobs, 20% wheat bran, 1.5% gypsum and 1% lime. In this case, yields were 25.4% higher compared with controls without fermented cotton stalks. However, incorporation of cotton stalks in the cultivation substrate resulted in lower levels of crude protein in the mushroom fruit bodies.