利用沼渣栽培金针菇

Cultivation of Flammulina velutipes Using Biogas Residue

以沼气发酵的废弃物——沼渣为试验材料,部分或全部代替金针菇(Flammulina velutipes)常用栽培料中的木屑或玉米芯进行栽培试验研究。试验结果表明:沼渣代替木屑的配方2(40%沼渣、30%麸皮、29%玉米芯、1%石膏,含水量63%～65%)用于栽培金针菇G1,菌丝生长速度快,生产周期短,产量和生物转化率高,并且子实体中镉、汞、铅、砷的含量远低于国家食用菌中重金属含量的最高限量,可以在规模沼气发酵的地区推广、示范。

Material consisting of rice straw （spread to 70-80 cm thickness in winter and 50 cm during the other seasons） covered with sawdust （to a thickness 15-20 cm） was used as bedding for a cow house. After 5-7 days, 8%-9% water was added to the remaining litter, which was fermented at 35 ℃for 20 days to produce biogas. Biogas residue （moisture content～ 40%） were separated from the fermentation liquor using a solid-liquid separator, and the effect of replacing the sawdust and corn cob components of a substrate used for cultivating Flammulina velutipes with different amounts of residue on the yield and quality of mushroom fruit bodies was determined. The shortest cultivation cycle （41 d）, highest rate of mycelial growth （0.49 cm/d）, and the highest yield （262.6 g） and biological efficiency values （93.8%） were achieved following cultivation on a substrate consisting of 40% biogas residue, 30% wheat bran, 29% corn cobs and 1% gypsum. Germanium, mercury, cadmium and selenium levels in the cultivated fruit bodies were below the allowable upper limits of heavy metal contamination set by the National Food Safety Standards.