巴楚蘑菇学名考证

Critical Comment on Bachu Mushroom

"巴楚蘑菇"为新疆著名的野生食用菌,但其学名比较混乱。采用形态分类学和分子生物学相结合的方法对其进行分类学鉴定,证明"巴楚蘑菇"的学名为裂盖马鞍菌(Helvella leucopus)。

＂Bachu Mushroom＂ is the local name given to a wild mushroom growing in sandy soils under Populus euphratica during April/May in Bachu County, Kashi City, Xinjiang Autonomous Region. Ascomata are small to medium in size, the pileus is 2.5-5.6 cm, saddle-shaped, mostly with 3-4 （rarely 5） undulating to wrinkled lobes. Lobes tomentose; brownish, black-brown, grayish-brown under-surfaces; partly connected to the stipe. Lamellae are absent; thin, white context. Stipe 2.0-7.0 cm × 1.0-3.0 （-5.0） cm, white to ivory-white, clavate, enlarged at base, with ditch, hollow. Ascus： 139-167 μm × 14.7-19.6 μm, long clavate to long cylindrical, with eight ascospores. Ascospores.. 15.5-19.6 μm × 12.0-14.5 μm, olivoid, ellipsoid to ovoid, smooth, colourless to yellowish. Although the taxonomic status of this wild edible mushroom is unclear, we propose that the correct scientific name for Bachu mushroom is Helvella leucopus Pers. based on morphological characteristics and molecular sequences.