严复与“人的文学”观念的诞生

On Yan Fu and the Naissance of "Human Literature"

严复"三民"思想是中国近代以来改造"国民性"思潮的理论源头。严复框定了改造"国民性"的整体性理论架构,之后的梁启超以"新民"为己任进行"三界革命",胡适立足于"个人主义"发展"平民文学",周作人强调人间本位的人道主义的文学,鲁迅立足于"立人"思想重塑民族魂的新文学创作,都是这一思潮在文学领域里的延伸。他们改造"国民性"的努力最终促成了五四时期"人的文学"观念的诞生。在这一观念确立的过程中,严复传播的进化思想和"三民"思想是无法跨越的里程碑。

Yan Fu＇s ＂San Min＂ Theory has been regard of thought characterised by the improvement of nationality. ed as the theoretical origination of a stream On the foundation of this thought＇s frame- work made by Yah, Liang Qichao took ＂Xin Min＂ for responsibility and impelled the revolution of liter- ary fields; Hushi developed the literature for common people in the light of individualism; Zhou Zuoren fixed his attention on the humanism and stressed the ＂Human Literature＂; Luxun focused on the thought of ＂shaping people＂ and remolded the soul of nation in the new literature. All the above efforts eventu- ally established the concept of ＂human literature＂ in The May 4th Movement, and in this procedure Yan Fu＇s thought about evolution and ＂San Min＂ is an indispensable milestone.