海事请求、船舶优先权和船舶扣押：爱沙尼亚视角

Maritime Claims ＆ Liens,Arrest of Vessels and Estonian Perspective

本文旨在考察诉讼前船舶扣押的国际法律框架和爱沙尼亚相关国内立法以及实践，介绍相关国际公约和爱沙尼亚海商法发展的概况。第一，本文介绍了关于船舶扣押的两部国际公约——《1952年统一海船扣押某些规定的国际公约》和《1999年国际扣船公约》，①以及《1926年统一船舶优先权和抵押权某些法律规定的国际公约》和《1993年船舶优先权和抵押权国际公约》这两部有关船舶优先权和抵押权的国际公约，以及爱沙尼亚相关国内法的发展情况。第二，本文分析了有时被称为“有特权的请求”的船舶优先权的性质、所包含项目以及执行程序。本文也讨论了爱沙尼亚法下船舶扣押和释放被扣押船舶的一些实践问题，这些问题对于海事业务中所涉船旗国或个人有重要参考价值。

This paper examines the international legal framework of the conservatory arrest of vessels and the relevant national laws and practices in the Republic of Estonia. It provides an overview of the related international conventions as well as the developments of maritime law in Estonia. First, the study introduces two conventions on the arrest of ships：the Brussels Conven-tion of 1952 and the Geneva Convention of 1999 and two conventions on mari-time liens ＆ mortgages：the Brussels Convention of 1926 and the Geneva Con-vention of 1993 as well as relevant developments in the national law of Estoni-a. Second,it analyzes the different nature and qualities of maritime liens times called privileged claims and respective enforcement procedures. T this paper some practical problems are discussed in relation to the arrest , some-hrough of ves-sels and their release in Estonia which of course are of importance for any flag State or person involved in maritime business.