不同干扰因素下草甸草原自然保护区群落物种多样性研究

Species diversity of different communities in meadow steppe natural reserve under different disturbances

【目的】调查不同干扰因素下呼伦贝尔自然保护区草甸草原的物种多样性,为自然保护区生态环境的保护及合理利用提供参考。【方法】设羊草放牧、羊草刈割、针茅放牧、针茅刈割4个不同样地,调查群落的种类组成及其特征。【结果】各群落物种的重要值变化幅度很大,物种数在放牧干扰下都明显下降,α多样性指数均表现出降低的趋势;羊草群落中羊草在放牧干扰下重要值比刈割干扰高;贝加尔针茅群落中贝加尔针茅在刈割干扰的重要值比放牧干扰低。【结论】在各种干扰因素下,草甸草原群落的物种组成发生重大变化,物种多样性发生改变。

[Objective]Species diversity of different plant communities in Hulunbuir Grassland Nature Reserve under different disturbances was investigated in order to provide references for the protection and rational utilization of ecological environment in nature preservation zones.[Method]Plant species composition and characteristic values were investigated in the four sample plots of Leymus chinensis mowing,Leymus chinensis grazing,Stipa baicalensis grazing,and Stipa baicalensis mowing,respectively.[Result]Important values of different plant species differed drastically;also,the number of species in different communities under grazing disturbances decreased dramatically.The α diversity index showed descending trend for all of the four disturbances.Important values of Leymus chinensis community under grazing disturbance were higher than that under mowing disturbance,and important values of Stipa baicalensis community under grazing disturbance were higher than that under mowing disturbance.[Conclusion]Under different disturbances,community composition altered significantly;similarly,species diversity of the communities in meadow steppe also changed.