最大累积氧亏简化测试方案的设计及其有效性论证

Design and Validity of Simplified Test Protocol of Maximal Accumulated Oxygen Deficit

目的:以不同方式的摄氧取值以及不同强度的测试次数建立相应的速度-摄氧预测方程,比较各方程所得最大累积氧亏的差异,对最大累积氧亏的测试方案进行简化设计并对其有效性进行论证。方法:15名男子1 500m跑运动员在标准田径跑道上分别完成1次递增负荷测试、1次1 500m跑测试及2次持续各5回合、每回合10min的恒定负荷测试。以10回合恒定负荷测试中8～10min的摄氧取值建立的预测方程为标准,比较4～6min、6～8min固定时段的摄氧取值以及遥测稳态摄氧取值对建立预测方程的影响,并比较减少不同次数的高负荷、中等负荷以及低负荷测试对建立预测方程的影响。结果:遥测稳态摄氧的判定时间在4min 12s～8min 46s之间,以遥测稳态摄氧建立方程所计算的需氧量和最大累积氧亏与标准值无明显差异(P>0.0167);减少中间负荷测试的次数≦3时,对速度-摄氧方程的预测效果无显著影响(P>0.0167);以安静站立时的摄氧量作为预测方程的截距,并减少最低两级负荷以及中间两级负荷测试构建预测方程,其所得的最大累积氧亏与标准值间的一致性边界为-2.22～4.77ml O2/kg,仅有6.7%的值处于一致性边界之外;简化方程所得最大累积氧亏的时间相对值(ml O2/kg/s)与1 500m跑的成绩有显著的相关性(r=-0.561,P<0.05)。结论:设定安静站立时的摄氧量为截距,减少4次负荷分别为70%～80%及100%～105%无氧阈强度的恒定负荷测试,以遥测稳态摄氧取值构建预测方程,可在保证最大累积氧亏计算准确性的前提下,大幅节省测试耗时。

Objective： To compare the differences of maximal accumulated oxygen deficit （MAOD） calculated by several velocity-oxygen uptake equations （V-VO2） that were construc- ted with different VO2 value or with different test bout numbers, and to design and verify the simplified test protocol of MAOD. Methods：Fifteen male 1500 m runners performed a incremental test; a 1 500 m running test and 2 constant load tests that consisted of 5 bouts respec- tively and a bout lasted 10 min on the standard track. Taking the prediction equation construc- ted with the 8--10 min VOz values in the. 10 test bouts as the standard value, the effects of the equations that were constructed with 4- 6 rain, 6 -- 8 rain and telemetry steady state VOz, and with the reductive test bout numbers by means of reducing highest, middle and lowest in- tensity test bouts were compared. Results：The telemetry steady state VOz could be determined during 4 rnin 12 s--8 min 46 s, and there was no difference between the predicted oxygen de- mand and MAOD by the velocity-steady state VCh equation and standard equation （P 0. 0167）;the prediction effect of the equations that were constructed with reducing the 1- 3 middle intensity test bouts was similar to standard equation （P^0. 0167） ; the simplified e- quation was constructed by reducing the 2 lowest intensity bouts as well as the 2 middle inten- sity bouts, and taking the standing rest VOz value as the intercept, the agreement boundaries between the MAOD calculated by simplified and standard equation were --2. 22- 4. 77 ml Oz/kg,only 6. 7% value was out of the agreement boundaries; significant correlation was found between time spend value on MAOD and 1 500 m performance（r=--0. 561, P〈0. 05）. Conclusions：The simplified V-VO2 equation that was constructed with telemetry steady state VO2 from the constant load test without 4 bouts between 70%- 80% and 100%- 105% anaerobic threshold intensity, and by taking the standing rest VOz value as the inter- cept, could give a reliable MAOD value, moreover save time greatly.