心理治疗中问话的预设机制与语用功能

Presupposition Mechanism and Pragmatic Functions of Questions in Psychotherapy

目的:分析心理治疗师问话的预设机制及语用功能。方法:以11场心理治疗门诊录音所转写的12万多字的语料为基础,从语用学和话语分析的角度对心理治疗师所运用的各类问话进行分析。结果:心理治疗师的所有问话都嵌入了一定的命题预设;问话不仅仅是为了获取信息,更是心理治疗师实施干预治疗的手段;问话的形式不同,命题的预设性也不一样;问话预设具有互动、评价、引导、指导等多方面的语用功能。结论:问话预设对心理治疗过程起着积极的干预作用;心理治疗师要重视问话的命题预设,提高问话效率。

Objective： To investigate the presupposition mechanism and pragmatic functions of questions used by psychotherapists in therapeutic process. Methods： 11 sessions were recorded and transcribed into a corpus with more than 120,000 words. Pragmatic and discourse analysis approaches were employed to analyze various questions of psychotherapists. Results： Presuppositions were embedded in all questions. Psychotherapists＇ questions were never simply seeking information, but ways to intervene in their exchange with client （s）. Presuppositions varied with question types and perform different pragmatic functions： interactive, evaluative, orientating, and directive. Conclusion： Presuppositions embedded in psychotherapists＇ questions make questioning a very effective way of therapeutic intervention.