异质型人力资本、地区专业化与收入差距——基于新经济地理学视角

Heterogeneous Human Capital,Regional Specialization and Income Disparity——From the Perspective of New Economic Geography

本文把人力资本分为异质型人力资本和同质型人力资本,将人力资本的异质性引入新经济地理学的自由企业家模型,并适度拓展,依托此模型,采用2001—2010年间30个省级的面板数据实证检验不同类型的人力资本集聚、地区专业化与收入差距之间的关系。结果表明:异质型人力资本集聚在短期提高地区的专业化水平,在长期扩大地区收入差距;而同质型人力资本集聚在短期降低地区专业化水平,在长期缩小地区收入差距。说明:一方面,应在全国范围提高异质型人力资本就业者的比例;另一方面,中西部落后地区要加大对异质型人力资本的培养和吸收。

This paper divides human capital into two types： heterogeneous human capital and homogeneous human capital, introduces heterogeneity of human capital into the footloose entrepreneur model of new economic geography and expands the model. Based on the expanded model, we analyze the relationship of the two types of human capital, regional specialization and income disparity with panel data of thirty provinces and cities from 2001 to 2010. The result indicates that the accumulation of heterogeneous human capital can improve the level of regional specialization in the short term, but enlarge regional income disparity in the long term. The accumulation of homogeneous human capital will hinder regional specialization in the short term and reduce income disparity in the long term. So we should increase the ratio of employees of heterogeneous human capital nationwide, and central and western backward regions should make greater efforts to cultivate and attract heterogeneous human capital.