论十九世纪上半期理学在知识界的状况

A Study of Neo-Confucianism in the First Half of 19th Century

本文在大力发掘理学书籍出版、销售等资料的基础上,选取适当历史时段,对不同时期理学书籍的出版状况做数据统计,并从学者的意见与观感、国家政策的调整与实施以及理学书籍的刊刻与撰述等三个层面,考察理学在十九世纪上半期知识界的状况。认为:嘉庆朝前期理学处于衰微至极的尴尬境地,这种状态引起少数有识之士的忧虑和关注,因而出现各种倡导理学的意见;嘉庆十八年发生的天理教事件,不但导致清廷在文化政策方面作出重大调整,也使得民间那些倡导理学的意见成为官方政策和行为;在朝野的共同努力下,理学在嘉庆朝后期尤其是道光朝逐渐恢复生机,并在理学书籍的刊刻与撰述层面有明确体现。道咸以降理学的兴起,正是这一趋势持续发展的结果。

Based on the material for the publication and sell of books of Neo-Confucianism, this article makes statistics of the publication of this very sort of book during various periods. Moreover, the author investigates the situation of Neo- Confucianism among the intelligentsia during the first half of 19th century in terms of the opinions of scholars, the adjustment of imperial policy, and the print and writing of books of Neo-Confucianism. In the early years of the reign of Jiaqing, Neo-Confucianism had declined and few scholars were extremely concerned, although various proposals of uphold of this very school could be heard. The Incident of Tianli Sect in the eighteenth year of the reign of Jiaqing forced the Qing to make significant adjustment to its cultural policy, and made Neo-Confucianism part of governmental policy. Neo-Confucianism began to revitalize since the late Jiaqing, especially during the Daoguang reign in terms of the print and writing of books. The ascending of Neo-Confucianism since the period of Daoguang and Xianfeng was the result of this trend.