我国城乡子女高等教育入学机会差距变化研究(1982-2010)——基于四川省的实证调查

On the Changes of the Gap between Urban Students and Rural Students in China from 1982 to 2010: based on the survey in Sichuan province

本文对1982至2010年间我国城乡子女高等教育入学机会差距的变化情况进行了实证分析。结果显示,城乡子女间总体的入学机会差距在逐渐缩小;在机会的质量方面,城乡子女在部属重点高校和普通本科院校中的入学机会差距呈现出先扩大而后开始缩小的趋势,但在专科院校中的机会差距自1982年以来一直在缩小。此外,这一期间基本上是院校层次越高,城乡子女间的入学机会差距就越大。为此,今后应通过提高农村基础教育质量、中考和高考适当向农村倾斜以及大力发展职业教育等措施,进一步提高城乡子女高等教育入学机会均等化的程度。

The article studies the changes of the gap between urban students and rural students in China from 1982 to 2010, empirical research findings show that the overall gap is closing and as far as different levels of HEIs are concerned, the gap of access to key universities and common universities between urban students and rural students is expanded and then narrowed, while the gap of access to two/three-year colleges is closing since 1982. In addition, during this period, the higher the level of HEIs is, the greater gap between urban students and rural students is. In the future, we can further improve the inequality of access to higher education between urban students and rural students by increasing the quality of elementary education in rural areas and by promoting the balanced development of urban and rural compulsory education and by vigorously developing vocational education.