上海市中小学“开学第一课”模式定性访谈分析

Qualitative study on the model of first-day education in school

目的对上海市中小学校开学教育现况和需求进行评估,探索符合学生成长需求的上海市中小学生"开学第一课"模式。方法抽取25位国内外专家和教育行政人员进行个人深入访谈,抽取上海市中小学生、学生家长和教师221人进行小组访谈,访谈内容包括对开学教育模式的看法、活动形式和内容的建议。结果访谈对象积极赞同新的开学教育模式,认为模式应建立在需求评估基础上,设计为可供学校参照选择的大纲;最受访谈对象关注的4种开学教育形式为形式活泼的文艺演出,与教师、校长或是邀请嘉宾的互动,以学生为主体的分享和交流,演讲(市长、校长或是特邀嘉宾);对于演讲,访谈对象们希望形式不要死板,内容需要考虑到学生年龄和心理特点,贴近学生,如演讲者讲述自身的学习、生活、面对困难经历等。结论开学教育模式的建立既需要兼顾教育的共性化和个性化要求,还需要以学生为中心,真正使学生成为教育的主体。

Objective To discover the model of first-day education which satisfies the need of physical and mental devel- opment of students on the basis of the status and the need assessment of first day education. Methods In-depth interview and the focus group interview were adopted to obtain the views and suggestion on the model of first-day education. Results The Interview- ees actively endorsed the new education model, and viewed that model was the outline designed on the basis of needs assessment as reference for schools to choose ; the four most popular forms of first-day education were lively theatrical performances, students＂ in- teraction with teachers, principal and invited special guests, the students＂ exchange, and speeches given by the mayor, the princi- pal, or special guests ; interviewees came up with much expectation on speeches, such as ＂do not rigid in its form＂, ＂its contents need to be related to students＂ age and psychological characteristics, close to the students＂ lives＂, ＂the speakers can share the experiences of their life and study ,and in the face of the difficulties＂ . Conclusion Not only should the new model of first-day education take into account the generalized and personalized requirements of schools but also need to be student-centered, really make the students to become the subject of education.