医学生对男同性恋认知和态度量表编制

Development for the Scale of Cognition and Attitudes toward Gay Men among medical students

目的编制男同性恋的认知和态度量表并检验信度、效度,为评价对男同性恋的认知及态度提供可靠的测量工具。方法通过文献复习和咨询专家意见,自行编制男同性恋认知和态度量表。随机整群抽取310名医学生进行测试,4种方法联合使用筛选条目。采用分层整群抽样方法,从天津市3所医学高校随机抽取医学本科生、研究生765名开展现场调查,评价量表的信度与效度。结果同性恋认知量表分半信度为0.74,Cronbach'sα系数为0.86;对男同性恋态度量表的分半信度为0.82,Cronbach'sα系数为0.96。通过探索性因子分析评价量表的结构效度,认知量表提取出性质认知(8项)、性交往认知(3项)及生存认知(4项)3个公因子,包含15项条目,累计方差贡献率为51.00%;态度量表提取出情感认同(13项)、权力认同(4项)、道德认同(5项)和社交认同(3项)4个公因子,包含25项条目,累计方差贡献率为68.40%。以ATG量表为效标,测得自编态度量表的效标效度为0.86。结论自编的男同性恋认知和态度量表具有较好的信度与效度,具有一定的实际应用价值。

Objective To develop the scale of cognition and attitudes towards gay men and to assess its validity and relia- bility, so as to provide an effective measuring instrument among the public. Methods Based on reviewing literatures and consult- ing specialists, an initial scale of cognition and attitudes towards gay men was developed. Subsequently, items were chosen from the pooled items by combination of screening strategies, which were tested on the 310 medical students sampled by randomized cluster. After the scale was made, 765 medical students including both undergraduates and graduates from 3 medical colleges in Tianjin, sampled by using stratified cluster sampling, were asked to test the validity and reliability of the scale. Results The split-half co- efficient and Cronbaeh α coefficient were O. 74, 0.86 for cognitive subscale and 0.82, 0.96 for attitudes subseale, respectively. By using principal components analysis, 3 factors named the cognition of nature of gay men（8 items） , the cognition of sexual behavior of gay men （ 3 items） and the cognition of living of gay men （4 items ） were extracted with 51% of total cumulative variance ex- plained in the cognitive subscale, while 4 factors named tolerance（ 13 items）, rights{4 items）, moral identity（5 items）, social contact（3 items） were extracted with 68.4% of total cumulative variance explained in the attitudes subscale. Moreover, the criteri- on validity of the attitudes subscale was 0.86 referring to the Attitudes toward Gay Men Subscales （ ATG ）. Conclusion The self- designed scale of cognition and attitudes towards gay men is proved to be practical and has good validity and reliability.