大理市小学生超重肥胖状况及影响因素多水平模型分析

Prevalence and influential factors of overweight and obesity among primary school students in Dali

目的探讨个体水平和社区食品环境因素对小学生超重肥胖的影响,为制定儿童超重肥胖的干预措施提供理论依据。方法采用分层整群随机抽样方法,抽取大理市小学生4 354名。采用体格测量、问卷调查等方法收集数据,利用多水平模型进行影响因素分析。结果大理市小学生超重率为8.5%,其中男生为10.4%,女生为8.5%;肥胖率为7.7%,其中男生为9.3%,女生为6.1%。社区食品密度、年龄、性别、家庭经济条件、看电视时间、运动次数、是否喜食零食以及父母亲是否超重和肥胖等因素与小学生超重肥胖相关。结论个人、家庭、社会应该加强对小学生超重肥胖发生及其危害的认识,采取综合干预措施,特别是改善社区食品环境,以降低儿童超重肥胖率。

Objective To discuss the impacts of the individual-level and food environment in the local community on over- weight and obesity prevalence of pupils. Methods Stratified cluster sampling was adopted and 4 354 pupils from schools of Dali were surveyed to collect data by using of physical check-ups and completing questionnaires. Multilevel model was used to analyze the influencing factors for overweight and obesity. Results The prevalence rate of over weight was 8.5%, which was 10.4% for male and 8.5% for female;the prevalence rate of obesity was 7.7% ,which was 9.3% for male and 6.1 for female. It was found that the density of food accessibility in local community, age, gender, family economic status, time on TV watching, frequency of sports exercise, like eating snacks and parental overweight or obesity showed statistically significant correlation with prevalence of the overweight or obesity in pupils. Conclusion Individual, family and society should recognize the side effects of overweight and obesity on pupils, and cooperate with each other by using comprehensive methods and prevention strategies to protect against the o- verweight and obesity in pupils, in particular to improve the food supplying environment.