当代西方价值排序理论的范式演进:从舍勒、哈特曼到杜威

The Paradigm Evolution of Contemporary Western Value Ranking Theory:From Scheler,Hartman to Dewey

在西方价值哲学的研究中,价值排序是一个新兴的研究论域,其呈现于各种价值学说中,也呈现于不同排序依据分析的哲学诠释中。舍勒的四等级价值样式说、哈特曼的价值类型说和杜威的价值评判说是其中最主要的代表,他们推进了西方价值排序理论的范式演进过程。舍勒在哲学上第一次较为详细地阐述了价值等级结构的分类、标准、关系和特征,提出了"四等级价值样式说"。哈特曼是在舍勒之后价值排序问题的"践入者",他系统地阐发了存在学意义、价值分类和排序依据三个层面上的价值排序思想。杜威通过确立"行动的自我"强调自我评价和价值排序的作用,主张根据具体情境和行动后果确定价值排序的判断标准。舍勒、哈特曼、杜威等提出了价值排序研究的基本范畴和基本观点,奠定了价值排序研究的主要框架和发展趋势,并使得关于价值的分类、选择、排序、评判成为当代价值哲学研究的新领域。

Value ranking is an emerging research field in Western axiology study. It is shown in different kinds of value theories： vatue c theories, value judging theories as well as philosophical explanations on different ranking bases, among which Scheler＇s four ranking value sample theory, Hartman＇s value classification theory and Dewey＇s value judging theory are the most representative ones. They put forward the fundamental principles on value ranking studies and established the basic framework for them. Thereafter, some Chinese and foreign scholars, e.g. Jacques Paul Thiroux, John Kekes, He Lai have made further researches on the value ranking, which showed prominent research value and brought forth many related debates. Thus, it is of great importance for us to clarify and explain relevant issues on contemporary value ranking. Only by doing this can we have a better understanding of the development and trend of Western value philosophy and move forward on domestic studies on value philosophy and core value concepts.