从权力走向权利:转型经济和谐发展的枢纽

From Power to Right:How to Attain the Hub of the Harmonious Transitional Economy

转型社会的风险主要来自转型本身,其要害是经济社会的宪法性秩序能否顺利平稳地实现转换。计划经济的宪法性秩序是行政秩序,市场经济的宪法性秩序是法律和信用。前者的制度基础是国家权力,后者是普遍而广泛的私有产权,转型经济社会和谐有序的关键,是整个社会中占支配地位的主导力量从权力转变为权利。中国由于转型过程长期处于双轨状态,导致新旧两种体制的规则都发生了扭曲变形不能正常发挥作用,因而造成混乱失序。当前中国社会经济失序风险的主要根源是政府权力不断膨胀和不受约束与政府职能严重错位,其原因主要是政府的征税权没有受到立法制度的约束。另一个根源是权利失范,具体表现在三个方面:产权不能受到严格有效的保护,差序所有制结构对市场平等性的破坏,国有企业的行政垄断地位对市场结构的扭曲和对正常竞争秩序的干扰。从社会结构和制度层面实现转型经济和谐发展,改革措施主要包括约束和规范政府权力、健全和完善产权制度两个方面。

The risk of social transformation is mainly from the transformation itself, of which the key is whether the constitutional order of the economic and society can be transformed smoothly. Because the transformation of our country is in dual track state for a long time, which leads the rules of both new and old systems distort and dysfunction. Currently the main reason of the social disorder in our country is that the government＇s power is unbounded and the functions of the government is serious dislocated; and right＇ s anomie. It reflects in three aspects： property rights cannot be subjected to strict and effective protection; differential ownership structures damages the market equality; The state owned enterprise distort the market structure and the normal competition order by its monopoly power. Therefore we may propose the following reformations： 1 constraint and regulate the government power; 2 improve and complete the system of property right.