广东省居民应对热浪的适应行为及其相关因素研究

Investigation on adaptation behaviors to heat wave and its relative factors in residents of Guangdong Province

目的了解广东省居民对热浪的适应行为现状,并进一步了解适应行为的相关因素。方法采用4阶段分层整群抽样的方法在广东省内于2010年9—11月抽取了5个城市中10个县区街道/乡镇的家庭为调查样本户,对每个住户采用KISH表法确定1名15～69岁的家庭成员进行问卷调查。调查内容包括一般人口学特征、热浪相关知识、对热浪的健康风险认知、对热浪的适应行为和个人世界观。采用协方差分析对热浪的适应水平的相关因素及热浪相关知识与世界观之间对适应水平的交互作用。结果共调查2 183名居民,平均年龄为(39.31±14.16)岁,其中男性1 165人(53.37%),城市居民1 064人(48.74%)。居民对热浪的知晓率为38.62%(843/2 183),居民对热浪的健康风险认知平均得分为4.22分(满分7分)。高温热浪期间,98.05%(2 140/2 183)的居民采取了至少1项适应行为,最常采用的适应行为是多喝水(占87.04%,1 900/2 183),最少用的适应行为是去有空调的公共场所(30.40%,663/2 183),平均适应行为得分为(4.80±2.39)(满分10分),该得分在中年者、文化水平较高者、专业技术人员和生产服务人员以及世界观为平等主义者中较高(P<0.01或P<0.05)。另外,热浪相关知识与适应水平呈正相关(P<0.01),热浪相关知识与世界观之间对适应水平具有交互作用(P<0.01)。结论广东省居民对热浪适应水平处于中等水平,其相关因素包括年龄、文化水平、职业、世界观和热浪相关知识,并且热浪相关知识与适应水平之间的关联程度受个人世界观的影响。

Objective To investigate the current condition of adaptation behaviors to heat wave, and further explore the related factors of adaptation behavior in residents of Guangdong Province. Methods A total of 2 183 adults were selected by a four-stage sampling method in Guangdong Province. A house- hold member aged 15 -69 years was determined using KISH table in each household to complete the ques- tionnaire. Each subject was interviewed at his/her home with a structured questionnaire by a well trained investigator from September to November 2010. The questionnaire contained socio-demographic characteris- tics, heat wave related knowledge, awareness of heat wave, adaptation behaviors to heat wave, and person- al world view. ANCOVA tests were employed in the present study. Results The average age of total 2 183 participants was 39. 31 _＋ 14. 16 years, among which 1 164 （53.37%） were males, and 1 064 （48.74%） were selected from the urban. 38.62% of the participants reported that they knew about heat wave. The mean score of the risk perception in related to heat wave among the residents was 4. 22 （1 -7 ）. 98.05% of the participants employed at least one adaptation behavior during the heat wave; the most common adapta- tion behavior adopted was drinking more fluids （ 87. 04% ） , the least adaptive behavior adopted was see-king an air-conditioned location （30. 40% ）. The average adaptation score was 4. 80 ＋ 2. 39. The scores were higher in middle-aged persons （ P 〈 0. 05 ）, participants with higher education （ P 〈 0. 01 ）, techni- cians and service personnel （ P 〈 0. 01 ）, and egalitarian （ P 〈 0. 01 ）. In addition, adaptation score was positively related to heat wave related knowledge （P 〈 0. 01 ）, and heat wave related knowledge had an in- teractive effect with world view on adaptation score （ P 〈 0. 01 ）. Conclusion The adaptation level to heat wave was at moderate level in the residents of Guangdong Province, and the relative factors of adaptation in- cluded age, education, occupation, world view, and heat wave related knowledge. Moreover, the relation- ships between the heat wave related knowledge and adaptation could be moderated by world view.