钾肥施用量和施用方式对棉花生长及产量和品质的影响

Effects of Rate and Way of Potassium Application on Biomass and Yield and Fiber Quality of Cotton

为了找出合理的钾肥施用量和施钾方式,在提高棉花产量与品质的同时实现钾肥优化管理,以国审‘华杂棉H318’为试验材料,在鄂州路口农场大田研究钾肥施用量和施用方式对棉花生物量、产量和纤维品质的影响。试验设计5个梯度钾肥施用量,分别是0、60、120、180、240kg/hm2;2种钾肥施肥方式,钾肥作为基肥一次施入和钾肥2次施入（1/2基施和1/2初花肥）。结果表明,施K2O量0~120kg/hm2范围内,生物量和产量随着K2O施用量的增加而增加,施钾量对纤维品质的影响不显著。分次施肥的植株生物量产量性状优于一次施肥。施K2O量120kg/hm2且分次施用时籽棉产量最高,为4395.97kg/hm2。一次施肥时,不同施钾量对子指、中层纤维的各品质指标（除纤维上半部平均长度外）都有显著影响。分次施肥时,施钾量对生物量、各产量构成因素（单铃重和衣分除外）以及下层纤维的整齐度指数、马克隆值、断裂比强度有显著影响。

In order to find out the equitable fertilization modes and potassium amount, the field experiments were done to improve the yield and quality of cotton, and its resources optimization management at the same time. The effects of rate and way of potassium application on biomass, yield and fiber quality of cotton were studied using hybrid variety ＇H318＇ on Lukou experimental station of Ezhou. Two factors including 5 potassium fertilizer application levels and 2 kinds of potassium fertilizer way were set up. The results showed that, biomass and yield of cotton increased with potassium fertilizer application rates, but slightly declined when potassium fertilizer application exceeded 120 kg/hm2. There was no significant difference on fiber quality between 5 potassium fertilizer application and 2 fertilizer way. Compared with soil-applied in single treatment （all at first square）, biomass and yield of cotton were higher under potassium soil-applied in split treatment （1/2 at first square and 1/2 at first white flower）. The maximum seed cotton yield was observed under potassium fertilizer application of 120 kg/hm2 with all of the K fertilizer soil-split at first square and first white flower. In single treatment, application of potassium fertilizer produced significant difference in seed weight and all quality index （except the upper-half mean length） of mean fiber. In split-applied treatment, there was a marked difference in biomass, yield and yield components, fiber uniformity, micronaire reading and fiber strength of lower fiber among K20 application in this study.