木薯对氮、磷、钾、镁、锌、硼的吸收特性及施肥效应

Fertilization effects and nutrient absorption characteristics of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, magnesium, zinc, and boron on cassava

【目的】研究氮、磷、钾、镁、锌、硼肥对木薯养分吸收及生长的影响。【方法】采用田间试验,设最佳施肥处理OPT(N+P+K+Mg+Zn+B)、减氮施肥OPT-N、减磷施肥OPT-P、减钾施肥OPT-K、减镁施肥OPT-Mg、减锌施肥OPT-Zn、减硼施肥OPT-B处理和不施肥处理,测定各处理木薯产量以及块根、茎、叶养分吸收量和养分吸收强度。【结果】OPT处理木薯所吸收的N、P、K、Zn养分主要累积在茎部,Ca、Mg养分主要累积在叶片和茎部,B养分主要累积在叶片部位中。木薯对N、P、K养分的吸收强度呈抛物线状,在块根膨大期前呈逐渐提高,块根膨大后,木薯对N、P、K养分的吸收强度逐渐下降。增施N、P、K、Mg肥,木薯产量分别提高38.01%、13.09%、23.14%和8.99%;增施1kgN、P2O5、K2O、MgO木薯产量分别增加101、54、22和49kg;OPT处理产值最高(13217元/ha)。【结论】施肥均可提高木薯的养分吸收量,但K、Za、B肥会抑制Mg的吸收。不同施肥条件对木薯产量有显著的影响。

【Objective】This research studied the effects of nitrogen， phosphorus， potassium， magnesium， zinc， and boron on the nutrient absorption characteristics and growth of cassava. 【Method】Under field experiment， different fertilization treatments， including the optimal OPT treatment（N＋P＋K＋Mg＋Zn＋B）， reduced nitrogen fertilizer treatment OPT-N， reduced phosphorus fertilizer treatment OPT-P， reduced potassium fertilizer treatment OPT-K， reduced magnesium fertilizer treatment OPT-Mg， reduced zinc fertilizer treatment OPT-Zn， reduced boron fertilizer treatment OPT-B， and non-fertilization treatment， were set to determine the cassava yield and the nutrient absorption strength in cassava root tubes， stems， and leaves. 【Result】Under OPT treatment， the absorbed untrients of N， P， K， and Zn were mainly concentrated in cassava stems， Ca and Mg were mainly concentrated in cassava leaves and stems， and B was mainly concentrated in cassava leaves. By increasing the nitrogen， phosphorus， potassium， and magnesium fertilizers application， cassava yield increased by 38.01%， 13.09%， 23.14%， and 8.99% respectively. By increasing 1 kg of N， P2O5， K2O， and MgO fertilizer usage， the cassava yield increased by 101， 54， 22 and 49 kg， respectively. The maximum production value of the OPT treatment was ￥13，217 Yuan/ha. General fertilization could improve the cassava nutrient absorption， but potassium， zinc， and boron fertilizers could inhibit the absorption of magnesium. 【Conclusion】The intensity of N， P， K nutrient absorption in cassava appeared to be parabolic shaped， which， before the tuber enlargement stage， a gradual increase was observed. After tuber enlargement， the intensity of N， P， K nutrient absorption in cassava decreased. Different fertilization condition had significantly different effects on cassava yield.