钙肥对春甜桔产量和品质的影响

Effect of calcium fertilizer on the fruit yield and quality of Chuntian tangerine

【目的】探讨施用不同钙肥对柑桔裂果、产量和品质的影响，为钙肥在柑桔生产中的合理应用提供理论依据。【方法】试验设5个处理（不施钙肥作对照，其余分别施用乙酸钙、硝酸钙、磷酸二氢钙、石灰）。乙酸钙、硝酸钙、磷酸二氢钙按等量钙设计采用叶面喷施；石灰采用土施，施用量为1.5 kg/株，均在柑桔果实膨大初期施用。在裂果高峰期调查裂果情况，果实成熟时测定各处理的果实产量，分析果实的品质。【结果】与不施钙相比，施用不同钙肥均能明显减少柑桔的裂果数量，提高单果重和果实产量， 增产效果从高到低依次是石灰〉乙酸钙〉磷酸二氢钙〉硝酸钙，增产率分别为22.43%、18.75%、15.09%、13.24%，施用钙肥还可降低果实的酸度，果实的糖酸比提高125.0%~186.5%，同时可提高果实维生素C的含量和果皮钙的含量，降低贮藏期的烂果率。【结论】施用钙肥对柑桔果实产量和品质具有明显的促进作用，既能提高产量，又能改善品质。

【Objective】In order to provide scientific basis for using calcium fertilizer in Chuntian tangerines， the present study was conducted to examine the effect of different calcium fertilizers on fruit cracking， fruit yield， and fruit quality of Chuntian tangerine． 【Method】Five experimental treatments were set： treatment 1： no fertilization treatment as control； treatment 2： calcium acetate application treatment； treatment 3： calcium nitrate application treatment； treatment 4： calcium biphosphate application treatment； treatment 5： liming application. The calcium acetate， calcium nitrate， and calcium biphosphate fertilizers were applied by foliar spraying， while the liming application was applied by soil application. The foliar spaying fertilizer was designed according to the same amount of calcium. The liming application rate was 1.5 kg/plant， and the appropriate application time was during early fruit enlargement stage. During the fruit cracking peaking period， the fruit cracking situation was investigated； then， during the fruit maturity period， the fruit yield was determined and the fruit quality was analyzed. 【Result】Compare with the results of the control， using calcium fertilizers could obviously reduce the number of cracked fruits and increase the fruit weight and yield. The fruit yield increase rate was arranged in the following descending order： lime〉calcium acetate〉calcium dihydrogen phosphate〉calcium nitrate， with the increase rate of each fertilizer at 22.43%， 18.75%， 15.09%， and 13.24%， respectively. By applying calcium fertilizer， the fruit acidity reduced， the fruit sugar acid ratio increased by 125.0%-186.5%， the calcium and vitamin C content in the fruit peel improved， and the rotten fruit rate during storage period reduced all at the same time. 【Conclusion】Calcium fertilizer application had significant effect on the yield and quality of tangerine fruit； not only could the fertilizer improve the fruit yield， but it could also improve the fruit quality.