敦煌写本时日宜忌文书叙录——英藏、法藏篇

The Descriptive Catalogue of the Dunhuang Documents on Time-Choosing and Taboo about the Documents Collected in Britain and Prance

时日宜忌类文书是用某种或多种方法来选择时日、推断吉凶,进而判断某种行为或事项之宜忌,以指导民众日常生活的一种内容极为丰富、使用较为频繁的实用占卜书,在我国历史悠久,可追溯到汉末三国时期,先流行于官府,后盛行于民间。敦煌藏经洞出土的27件时日宜忌文书内容更为丰富,很多都是当时多种择日法的杂抄,从切近生活的方方面面着眼,用"天道"去指导"人事"。其中,藏于英法两国的写本共20件。文章拟将敦煌写本时日宜忌文书的法藏、英藏部分分为七曜直类、六十甲子历类、神祇出行类和推忌日月类四大类进行梳理,力求展现唐五代时期时日宜忌文书的概貌,从而厘清敦煌时日宜忌文书的脉络,为进一步研究夯实基础。

The Dunhuang documents on time-choosing and taboo are divination books which use some ways to choose time and infer fortune. They served as the most commonly used guideline books in the daily life of the local people. The history of those documents can be traced back to the Late Hart Dynasty and the Three Kingdoms Period, when they were firstly popular among officials and later spread to the common people. The 27 pieces of documents unearthed in the Library Cave are mostly records of various ways of time-choosing which, being closely related to all aspects of daily life, were examples of using gods＇ will to guide human matters. At present, 20 of those 27 pieces of documents are collected in the UK and France. In this paper, those 20 Dunhuang documents are classified into four categories： the seven Yao, the calendar of the sixty cycles, the gods＇ travel, and the inferring of good or bad days, in the hope that a general picture of those documents of the Tang and Five Dynasties could be revealed, thus laying a solid foundation for the further research.