基于遥感的珠海市景观变化梯度分异研究

Study on Gradient Variation of Landscape Change in Zhuhai City Based on RS

以珠海市为研究对象,以遥感影像、野外调查和统计资料为数据源,在ArcGIS支持下,建立以城市中心区为起点的17个辐射状环带,并在主城区设置不同方向的两个空间样带,结合景观格局指数和空间梯度分析方法,分析了珠海市全区与主城区空间格局总体特征、景观空间梯度变化规律,分析城市化效应。结果表明,近15年来城乡建设用地、道路和林地的面积均呈增加趋势,农田、裸地,水体、灌丛和滩涂等类型面积减小,证明了城市化效应的扩大;随着空间样带由中心城区向外围移动,各景观类型随梯度带的变化较为复杂,特别是城区的两个样带上建设用地面积均逐渐下降,农田面积上升,表明了城市化的梯度性和方向性;受自然和人为因素影响,样带的时空梯度差异较大。15年来珠海城市主城区扩展至中心城区向西北方向10 km和向西南方向12 km的范围内。通过研究区景观时空梯度分异特征的分析,能够定量化研究城市化梯度的扩展及城市结构的变化,对于城市的管理、资源的恢复与保护工作具重要意义。

Based on the RS images, survey and statistic data of the study area, 17 radiatively circular bands and 2 spatial samples were built starting from central area with the support of GIS. The spatial pat- tern, variation of landscape gradient and urbanization effect were analyzed by using landscape pattern in- dexes with remote sensing images and spatial gradient statistical analysis. The results indicated that land- scape structure complexity and fragmentation in Zhuhai urban area gradually increased. The area of urban building, road and forest increased obviously, while the area of farm, bare land, water, shrub and bea- ches decreased. The change of landscape pattern showed that urbanization effect enlarged. With the movement of spatial sample from centre to urban fringe, the area of farm increased and urban building de- creased gradually. The gradient directions of urbanization were obvious. Natural environment and human disturbance influenced the temporal and spatial landscape patterns Duing the past 15 years, the urban ar- ea of Zhuhai has extended 10 km to the northwest and 12 km to the southwest. With the study of spatial gradient, we can quantitatively analyse urban gradient expansion and structure change. The research is significant for urban planning and resources protection.