蓖麻种质资源创新及育种方向研究(英文)

Germplasm Resource Innovation and Breeding Direction of Castor

蓖麻为双子叶一年生或多年生草本植物,原产于非洲东部,先后传入亚洲、美洲和欧洲。因其适应性广、存活率高,故广泛存在于各国家,是世界十大重要油料作物之一。蓖麻油应用范围十分广泛,在替代石油的深加工方面是公认的最有前景的植物油,其综合开发利用的经济价值极高,已被众多研究者所瞩目。但是,目前国际上蓖麻籽缺口严重,使得蓖麻产业的开发利用受到较大限制。我国蓖麻育种研究工作始于上世纪50年代初,目前,我国蓖麻育种技术及品种产量已经达到国际先进水平,虽然取得了极大的进步,但在许多方面尚有努力的空间。该研究根据长期的蓖麻育种实践,论述了利用野生资源、农家品种以及国外引进品种改良和创新蓖麻种质资源,培育抗病自交系及杂交种的可行性及重要性。并根据我国蓖麻栽培的区域性特点,提出了高产高油、适应机械化栽培、高度抗病和较强的抗逆性等主要育种目标。

Castor is dicotyledonous annual or perennial herb, which is originally pro- duced in eastem Africa, and successively introduced to Asia, America and Europe. Because of wide adaptability and high survival rate, it is widely grown in various countries, being one of the world＇s ten most important oil crops. Castor has very wide application range, which is recognized as the most promising plant oil in deep processing instead of oil. It has very high development and utilization value, and has been paid attention by a large number of researches. However, the current interna- tional castor seed breach is serious, so the development and utilization of castor in- dustry is restricted. Castro breeding research in China began in early 1950s. Cur- rently, castor breeding technology and variety yield level in China have reached in- ternational advanced level. Although great improvement has been made, there still have space in many ways. Based on long-term castor breeding practice, the paper discusses the feasibility and importance of using wild resources, native variety and imported varieties to improve and innovate germplasm resources of castor, and breed disease-resistant inbred lines and hybrids. According to regional characteristics of castor cultivation in China, the main breeding objectives including high yield and high oil, suitable for mechanized cultivation, high resistance and strong stress toler- ance are put forward in the paper.