氮肥减量与底施运筹对油菜产量及氮素吸收利用的影响(英文)

Effects of Nitrogen Fertilizer Reduction and Application of Nitrogen Fertilizer as Base Fertilizer on Rapeseed Yield and Nitrogen Absorption

[目的]研究氮肥减量与底施运筹对油菜产量及氮素吸收利用的影响。[方法]以"赣油杂5号"为试验材料,固定氮(N):磷(P2O5):钾(K2O)比例为1:0.5:0.5,设置氮肥减量(150kg/hm2)和推荐施氮(180kg/hm2)2个施氮水平,底施比例100%、80%和60%的不同处理,采用田间试验研究氮肥减量与底施运筹对油菜产量及氮素吸收和利用的影响。[结果]在相同氮肥底施运筹条件下,推荐施氮处理油菜株高、茎粗、主花序长、有效分枝数、单株角果数、每角粒数和生物产量均显著高于氮肥减量施肥处理;推荐施氮处理油菜籽粒产量和经济效益在中等基础肥力下均显著高于氮肥减量施肥处理,在高基础肥力下虽略高于氮肥减量施肥处理,但未达显著水平。氮肥减量施肥下氮肥利用率、氮素吸收效率、氮肥偏生产率和氮收获指数显著高于推荐施氮处理;而推荐施氮处理氮肥农学效率在中等土壤基础肥力下显著高于氮肥减量施肥处理,在高土壤基础肥力下显著低于氮肥减量施肥处理。在氮磷钾一致的基础上,N60%底施运筹处理在经济性状、产量构成性状、产量、效益和氮素吸收利用上均显著高于N80%和N100%底施运筹处理。说明合理施肥不但能够维持油菜产量,还可以减少氮肥投入,提高氮肥利用率。一定条件下油菜氮肥降低到150kg/hm2可行;N60%底施仍然是目前油菜生产最佳的氮肥推荐底施比例。[结论]该研究结果为油菜高产高效施肥提供了理论依据和技术参考。

[Objective] The aim was to research effects of N fertilizer reduction and application of N fertilizer （as base fertilizer） on rapeseed yield and N absorption. [Method] Based on Ganyouza No.5, the ratio of N, P2O5 andK2O was set at 1：0.5：0.5; N fertilizers were set involving reduced quantity at 150 kg/hm2 and preferred quantity at 180 kg/hm2; 100%, 80% and 60% of N fertilizers were applied as base fertilizers in the test respectively. In general, field tests were conducted to explore effects of reduced N fertilizer and application of N fertilizer as base fertilizer on rapeseed yield and N absorption. [Resalt] When applied N fertilizer as base fertilizer was the same, plant height, stem diameter, length of major inflorescence, number of effective branch, pod number per plant, seed number per pod, and biomass yield in group with preferred N quantity were significantly higher than those in group with reduced N fertilizer. Rapeseed yield and profits in group with preferred N quantity were signifi- cantly higher than those in group with reduced N fertilizer in field with moderate fertili- ty. In fields with higher fertility, however, the two factors were just a little higher. In group with reduced N fertilizer, use efficiency of N fertilizer, N uptake efficiency, par- tial factor productivity and harvest index of N were all significantly higher than those in group with preferred N fertilizer. Agronomic nitrogen use efficiency in group with preferred N fertilizer was significantly higher than that in group with reduced N fertiliz- er in field with moderate fertility and was significantly lower in field with high yield. With amounts of N, P and K fertilizers fixed, economic characters, yield constitution, yield, profits and N absorption in group, where 60% of N fertilizers were applied as base fertilizer, were significantly higher than those in groups with 80% or 100% of base fertilizer （N fertilizers）. These indicated that rational fertilization would maintain rapeseed yield high and reduce N input to improve use efficiency of N fertilizer. On the other hand, it is effective to improve rapeseed yield.＇to reduce N fertilizer to 150 kg/hm2, and application of 60%. of N fertilizers as base fertilizer is still proved optimal at present. [Conclusion] The research provides.theoretioal and technical references for improvement of yield of rapeseed and efficiency of N fertilizer.