湖南农业生态系统能值结构功能效率分析(英文)

Analysis of Emergy Structure,Function and Efficiency of Agro-ecosystem in Hunan Province

[目的]为了探究湖南农业生态系统的能值投入产出结构功能与效率,揭示该区域人与自然资源和环境的相互关系。[方法]以能值理论为研究方法,以湖南农业2009年投入产出数据资料为依据,对湖南农业生态系统的能值结构、功能和效率进行实证分析。[结果](1)系统结构特点:湖南农业仍具有传统农业的生产特点,对劳动力、畜力的依赖性较大。工业辅助能值中,化肥对系统的贡献率最高,农业机械化水平低。工业辅助能值可更新比偏低,农业绿色能源的开发潜力和前景较大。系统产品定价偏低,忽视了自然资源和环境对产品生产的贡献,也反映出湖南农业产业链条相对短,产品附加值较低的特性。系统内部种植业和畜牧业的能值产出占绝对优势比例且其市场定价相对于林业和渔业偏低。(2)功能:该系统环境负载率虽不高,但是人口承受力超载。系统可持续发展指数为5.96,表明该系统富有活力和发展潜力,也意味着该系统经济并不发达、自然资源和环境的压力不是很大。(3)效率:该系统2009年的能值投入产出率略低于全国水平,表现出较明显的粗放型经济特点。[结论]控制人口过快增长,转移剩余劳动力,进一步调整农业产业结构和产品结构,加强农业技术开发和利用,延长产业链,提高农业机械化和现代化水平是当前湖南农业的基本政策取向。

[Objective] The aim was to explore function and efficiency of emergy input/ output of Hunan agricultural ecosystem to reveal relationship of human being with natural resources and environment. [Method] Emergy structure, function and efficien- cy of Hunan agricultural ecosystem were analyzed based on input/output data in Hunan Province in 2009 as per emergy theory. [Result] The structure characters of agricultural ecosystem were as follows： Hunan is characterized with traditional agri- culture, depending greatly on both human and animal labor. For industrial accessory emergy, chemical fertilizers make most contribution to the system, and agricultural mechanization is not satisfied. Furthermore, renewable ratio of industrial accessory emergy is lower, and development and potential of green energy is promising. In addition, prices of the products are lower, without consideration of contribution made by natural resources and environment. It also suggested that Hunan agricultural chain is short and added value of products is not high. In general, emergy output of farming and animal husbandry dominates and the prices are lower than those of forestry and fishery. The function of the system was as follows： With lower environ- mental load ratio, the system is overloaded by population and the index of sustain- able development was 5.96, suggesting that the system enjoys vitality and potential, but the economy is undeveloped and the pressure from natural resources and envi- ronment is not high. The emergy output ratio was a little lower than national level in 2009, suggesting Hunan agricultural production is extensive. [Conclusion] The re- search indicated that rapid increase of population should be controlled; surplus labor should be transferred; agricultural structure and products structure should be further adjusted; agricultural technology should be further developed; agdcultural mechaniza- tion and modernization should be improved.