不同栽培方式和秸秆还田对水稻产量和营养品质的影响

Effects of Different Cultivation Methods and Straw Incorporation on Grain Yield and Nutrition Quality of Rice

为阐明水稻产量和营养品质在不同栽培方式和秸秆还田条件下的表现特性,以两优培九(籼稻)为材料,常规水作(CFC)为对照,通过长期定位试验(2001—2010年)研究了覆膜旱作(PFMC)、裸地旱作(NMC)和秸秆还田对水稻产量、精米中蛋白质和氨基酸、糙米中铁和锌含量的影响。2008—2010三年试验结果(平均值)表明,与CFC相比,PFMC能显著增加水稻产量,增产幅度达8.0%,精米中总氨基酸含量下降3.5%,精米中蛋白质,糙米中铁锌含量与CFC处理差异不显著;NMC处理产量显著下降5.1%,蛋白质、总氨基酸和铁含量分别下降4.4%、9.3%和11.9%。秸秆还田较不还田处理,CFC条件下,产量增加了113.6kghm2;NMC条件下,产量增加142.6kghm2;PFMC条件下,产量增加522.1kghm2;3种栽培方式产量平均增加3.3%,糙米中的铁和锌含量平均增加3.1%和6.4%,精米中蛋白质和总氨基酸含量差异不显著。本试验结果表明,PFMC能显著提高水稻产量,秸秆还田能显著提高水稻产量和稻米中铁、锌含量。

Plastic film mulching cultivation （PFMC） under non-flooded condition has been considered as a new water-saving technique in rice production, while yield decline from continuous cropping of aerobic rice is a constraint to the widespread adoption of PFMC. Rice straw incorporation has been proposed to counter this negative effect in recent decades. This study examined the effects of three cultivation methods and rice straw incorporation on rice grain yield and quality using “Liangyoupeijiu” （an indica hybrid cultivar）. The three cultivation treatments were： conventional flooding cultivation （CFC）; non-flooded plastic film mulching cultivation （PFMC）; no mulching cultivation in non-flooded condition （NMC）. Compared with that under CFC, average rice grain yield under PFMC from 2008 to 2010 was significantly improved by 8.0%, while total amino acids content was decreased by 3.5%, no obvious effect was observed on rice protein, Fe and Zn concentrations in rice; under NMC, the reduction in yield, protein, total amino acids and Fe concentrations were 5.1%, 4.4%, 9.3%, and 11.8%, respectively. With rice straw incorporation, grain yield was improved by 113.6, 142.6, and 522.1 kg ha-1 under CFC, NMC, and PFMC, respectively. Average rice grain yield, Fe and Zn contents in brown rice were significantly improved by 3.3%, 3.1%, and 6.4% with rice straw incorporation. The results of the three years showed the same trend in rice grain yield and nutrition quality. The results indicated that PFMC could improve not only grain yield, but also part of rice nutrition quality. Rice straw incorporation could significantly improved rice grain yield as well as Fe and Zn concentrations in brown rice, which would be a good method to overcome grain yield decline under long term PFMC.