“三化”进程中农民职业教育与培训政策的国际比较

Rural VET Policy in the Processes of its Transformation and Differentiation: An International Policy Comparison

农业转型与职业分化是工业化、城镇化、农业现代化进程的必然结果。如何强化农民职业教育与培训是政府面临的重大问题之一。英国与美国的农民职业教育与培训政策经验表明,只有通过立法和财政支持,切实加强农民职业培训,才能促进农民有效就业;韩国与中国台湾农民职业教育与培训政策目标呈现多元化,政府主导的农民组织与其培训政策不仅为了提高就业率,更注重农业后继者培养和农民精神教育;巴西农民职业培训政策则强调了社会综合治理和政策协调。根据描述公共政策、政策环境和政策系统三者关系的经典的戴伊范式,农民职业教育与培训政策只有在其政策主体、政策目标和目标受众相互匹配、相互协调时,才能发挥出预期的政策效果。

The progress of industrialization, urbanization and agricultural modernization is bound to lead to rural transformation and differentiation. Vocational Education and Training （VET） for rural areas is an important issue for the governments. The rural VET policy experience in both UK and US shows that legislation and financial support of training promoted the rural employment. The diversified goals of rural VET policy in the South Korea and China Taiwan show that the government-supported organization of peasants and training policies not only improved employment but also trained the future peasants in both vocational skills and spirits. Nevertheless, Brazilian rural VET policy experience emphasizes social comprehensive governance and policy coordination. According to the classic Dye Model which describes the relationships between public policy, policy environment and policy system, the rural VET policy will not work until its subjects match and coordinate with its goals and audience.