汶川地震昭化古城历史建筑震损调查与分析

Investigation and Analysis on Seismic Damage of Historic Buildings Caused by Wenchuan Earthquake in Zhaohua Ancient City

基于汶川地震后昭化古城210处历史建筑震害调研,对古城木结构、生土结构、石结构历史建筑进行了震损统计与机理分析。昭化古城93.8%的历史建筑为木结构,多采用穿斗木承重构架与竹编夹泥围护墙的结构形式,在汶川地震中表现出了良好的抗震性能。木结构历史建筑的震损形式主要有榫卯连接破坏、木柱折断、柱脚滑移等,土结构历史建筑震损形式主要有承重生土墙的开裂或垮塌、掉瓦、屋架倾斜等,石结构门楼历史建筑共计三处均为轻微破坏,震损形式主要有雉堞震损、拱券开裂及边缘城墙震裂或局部倒塌。

According to the investigation on seismic damage of 210 historic structures caused by the Wenchuan Earthquake in Zhaohua Ancient City, seismic damage statistics and mechanism analysis of the historic timber structure, the historic raw soil structure and the historic stone structure are conducted in this paper. In the 210 historic structures, the historic timber structures account for 93.8% , and they are mostly composed of Chuandou timber load-bearing frame and the bamboo-wattle and daub wall, the seismic performance of which turns to be good in the Wenchuan Earthquake. The failure modes of the timber structures are mainly the tenon pullout or tenon break-off, the pillar break-off, the pedestal slip, etc. As to the historic raw soil structure, seismic damage turns to be the damage of the load-bearing raw soil wall, the falling of the tiles, the destruction of the roof. etc. In the Wenchuan Earthquake, the historic stone structures are all suffered minor damage, the seismic damage forms of which can be concluded into the crenellation damage, the arch cracking and the edge of the defensive wall cracking or partial collapse.