高速列车室内结构噪声分析

Analysis of high speed trains’ interior structure noise

针对国内高速列车的简化结构模型,采用Virtual Lab Acoustics专业声学求解器,建立了车厢结构声场耦合分析模型,对车厢结构模态、室内空腔模态及室内声振耦合系统进行了模型化分析.理论分析结果表明:在21.24Hz和35.53 Hz处,车身结构模态的振动频率和空腔模态的振动频率接近,产生共振;在同一水平面上场点声压呈现强弱交替分布,随着频率的增加,车厢内部同一平面上沿横向和纵向的干涉条纹增加;不同测点声压级差异明显,噪声空间分布不均;在20～38Hz频段,声压级处于80 dB以上.

In order to study the harshness of high speed trains’ carriages with structure noise,improve interior acoustic quality of the carriages,based on the finite element method,the vibro-acoustic coupling model is established to research noise of CRH high speed trains’ carriages by using Virtual Lab Acoustics in this paper.By the analysis of the structure modes,the cavity modes and response of the vibro-acoustic system,we find that the frequency of the structure modes and the cavity modes are very close at 21.24 Hz and 35.53 Hz,which is easy to produce resonance.The pressure of field point presents strong-weak alternant distribution and the boundary is obvious,the interference fringe increases along with the increasing frequency.The pressure of the field is larger from 20 to 38 Hz frequency band,sound pressure level is above 80 dB.