明清灾害叙事中匿灾事象的文学言说机制

Literary Expressions on the Phenomenon of Hiding Disasters from the Public in Disaster Narration of Ming and Qing Dynasty

明清匿灾现象加剧了灾情危害。匿灾是灾害发生与地方官员政绩、人格评价紧密对应关系的表现。匿灾的原因在于将灾害体现出的天意责罚归结到地方官员行事上,导致地方官员为避免追责,不顾灾情是否能自救而匿灾。官员德行驱灾模式派生并加剧了官场匿灾恶习。而古代灾害文化的"人治"特征,则是灾害文学言说中的深层政治内涵和文化渊源。

During Ming and Qing Dynasty,the phenomenon of hiding disasters from the public aggravates the harm of disasters.The phenomenon of hiding disasters from the public exposes the relevant relationship between the local officials' political achievements and the personality assessment. The origin caused phenomenon of hiding disasters from the public lies in attributing the embodiment of the providence punishment to the local officials' deeds.In order to avoid the administrative penalty,the officials hide the disasters from the public regardless of the disasters which can be rescued themselves or not.The mode of bureaucratic administration derivates and aggravates the phenomenon of hiding disasters from the public.As the feature of'rule of man'of the ancient culture of disaster,it is the deep political connotation and the cultural origin of the disaster literature.