凯恩斯与古典学派之争:宏观经济学的起源

Controversy Between Keynes and the "Classics": the Origin of Macroeconomics

凯恩斯与古典学派的根本分歧在于:古典学派理论所刻画的是本质上是物物交换而货币形同虚设的二分法式的经济,而凯恩斯所描述的是一个货币在其中起着决定性作用的货币经济。凯恩斯通过强调货币经济的不确定性本质,引入了货币的财富储藏职能,构建了流动性偏好理论,在货币和有效需求之间架设了一道沟通桥梁,提供了国民收入决定分析的有效需求理论框架,开创了全新的宏观经济学。

The fundamental difference between the theory of Keynes and that of the ＂Classics＂ is as follows ： the theory of the ＂Classics＂ is about barter economy in which money hasn＇ t any function while the theory of Keynes is about money economy in which money has a decisive role. Kcynes emphasized the uncertain nature of money economy and introduced the value reserve function of money to construct theory of liquidity preference, which built a channel between money and effective demand and hence provided an analytic framework of national income determination for the serious study of macroeconomics.