债权人留置权新解——兼评我国未来《民法典》相关制度之完善

New Interpretation of Creditor's Lien——Evaluation of Institutional Improvement of China's Future Civil Code

留置权属于广义的民事自助行为范畴,我国现行法律制度将留置权界定为物权属性,限制了留置权保障债权实现功能的有效发挥。未来民法典应比照《德国民法典》的相关规定,在"债法总则编"中增设债权留置,适度剥离物权留置与债权留置,整合与重构"民商合一"体例下留置权的一般化条款与特殊性规则,使债权人留置权在法律制度上得以有效的引导与规范。

Lien belongs to the category of civil self-help in a broad sense. China＇ s present legal system defines lien as real right, which would limit the efficiency and effectiveness of lien guaranteeing creditor＇ s rights. In the future, with reference to Germany＇ s Civil Code, China＇ s Civil Code should add lien to the General Principles of Obligation Law, properly separate lien of real right from that of creditor＇ s right, integrate and reconstruct the general and specific provi- sions in the system of ＂unified civil and commercial law＂, and effectively regulate creditor＇s lien in the legal system.