等离子体注入技术对枣树接穗的诱变效应

The Mutagenic Effect of the Plasma Injection Technique into the Jujube Tree Scion

为了探索和掌握等离子体注入对枣树接穗的诱变技术,寻找选育综合性状良好的红枣抗裂果材料的新途径,利用等离子体注入诱变的新技术手段,对山西名枣‘骏枣’和‘壶瓶枣’分别用氮、氩离子进行等离子体注入诱变处理,并嫁接调查。结果显示:用氮、氩2种离子注入枣树接穗都能引起变异。在注入剂量相同的情况下,氩离子处理的样品变异率明显高于氮离子,有利变异大多出现在氩离子处理的样品中,综合处理嫁接后的成活率和变异率因素,确定了氮、氩2种气体对枣树接穗的最适处理剂量为(6×1016～8×1016)/cm2(每平方厘米离子数),注入速率为10mA×28kV,脉冲间歇最佳占空比为60%。调查发现,诱变处理后的接穗出现了多种多样的变异,可归纳为生长速度、开花座果、叶形、果形、生育期(成熟期)5个方面。经4年的连续试验,筛选出成果率高、裂果率低的丰产型材料1个,生育期推迟10～15天,且明显抗裂果的材料2个。

In order to explore and master the mutagenic techniques of plasma injection jujube scion,and find a new ways to breed the good crack fruit of jujube,the author used new technical means of the plasma implantation into Shanxi famous dates:Chun date and Huping date with nitrogen,argon plasma implantation for mutagenic treatment and grafting investigation.The results showed that:both nitrogen and argon plasma implantation could mutate.In the same implantation dose,the mutation rate of argon plasma treated samples was significantly higher than the nitrogen ion,the favorable variation mostly in the argon plasma treated samples,integrated treatment of graft survival rate and mutation rate factors,the author determined the nitrogen,argon two gases of jujube grafting optimal treatment dose of (6 × 10 16-8 × 10 16)/cm 2 (per square centimeter plasma),the injection rate was 10 mA×28 kV,and pulse intermittent duty cycle of 60%.The survey found that the scion after mutagenic treatment had wide range of variation,that could be summarized as growth rate,flowering and setting fruit,leaf,fruit shape,growth period (maturity).After four years of consecutive trials,it filtered out a high yield material that the results of high and low rate of fruit cracking and two materials the fertility of a delay of 10-15 days and crack fruit.